{ "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft/2020-12/schema", "name": "FPSRate", "version": "1.0.0", "description": "Precision browser-based testing for FPS, refresh rates, motion clarity, frame pacing, monitor quality, and screen diagnostics. 100% client-side, zero downloads.", "url": "https://fpsrate.com", "llmsTxt": "https://fpsrate.com/llms.txt", "llmsFullTxt": "https://fpsrate.com/llms-full.txt", "categories": [ { "id": "fps-frame-performance", "name": "FPS & Frame Performance", "shortName": "FPS & Frames", "path": "https://fpsrate.com/fps/", "description": "Measure real-time frame rates, frame latency, frame pacing stability, and WebGL rendering throughput." }, { "id": "refresh-motion", "name": "Refresh & Motion", "shortName": "Refresh & Motion", "path": "https://fpsrate.com/monitors/", "description": "Verify display refresh rate (Hz), detect pixel response ghosting, motion blur, and screen tearing." }, { "id": "display-screen", "name": "Display & Screen", "shortName": "Display Quality", "path": "https://fpsrate.com/display/", "description": "Diagnose dead pixels, backlight bleed, color reproduction, gamma curves, and screen uniformity." }, { "id": "screen-information", "name": "Screen Information", "shortName": "Screen Info", "path": "https://fpsrate.com/tools/", "description": "Detect physical resolution, viewport scaling, aspect ratio, device pixel ratio, and PPI density." } ], "tools": [ { "id": "fps-test", "name": "FPS Test", "title": "Online FPS Test & Frame Rate Counter", "url": "https://fpsrate.com/fps-test/", "category": "fps-frame-performance", "unit": "FPS", "defaultMetricLabel": "Live Frame Rate", "shortDescription": "Accurately measure your browser frame rate, average FPS, 1% lows, and instantaneous render stability.", "description": "The FPSRate FPS Test evaluates your browser graphics pipeline by tracking requestAnimationFrame delta timings against high-resolution performance counters.", "methodology": "Measures high-resolution timestamps via performance.now() across consecutive animation frames, calculating instantaneous delta (1000 / dt) and trailing rolling averages.", "limitations": [ "Capped by the browser compositor and operating system refresh rate (V-Sync).", "Background tab throttling and OS power-saving modes will artificially reduce frame rates.", "Browser GPU hardware acceleration must be enabled for maximum throughput." ], "troubleshootingTips": [ "Ensure Hardware Acceleration is toggled ON in your browser settings.", "Close resource-intensive background applications or GPU video decoders.", "Run in Fullscreen mode (F11 or Test Shell fullscreen) to avoid compositor overhead." ], "searchPrompts": [], "faqs": [ { "question": "How do I accurately test my browser FPS online?", "answer": "To test browser FPS accurately, ensure hardware acceleration is enabled in your browser settings, close background applications, and click \"Run Test\" in fullscreen mode. The test registers a high-precision animation loop with the browser compositor to measure instantaneous and rolling frame rates." }, { "question": "Why does my FPS match my monitor refresh rate (60Hz, 144Hz, 240Hz)?", "answer": "Web browsers synchronize requestAnimationFrame callbacks with your monitor vertical refresh cycle (V-Sync). If you have a 144Hz monitor, your browser frame rate will naturally synchronize and peak at 144 FPS to prevent tearing and maintain smooth motion." }, { "question": "What are 1% Lows and why are they crucial for detecting stutter?", "answer": "1% Lows represent the mathematical average of the slowest 1% of frames during a testing session. While average FPS indicates overall rendering speed, 1% Low isolates momentary frame time spikes and micro-stutter that cause visible hitching in games and web apps." }, { "question": "How can I unlock or increase my browser FPS limit in Chrome, Edge, or Firefox?", "answer": "To increase browser FPS: (1) verify your OS display settings are set to your highest refresh rate (e.g. 144Hz or 240Hz), (2) enable GPU Hardware Acceleration in browser settings, and (3) for uncapped developer testing in Chrome, launch with the command flag \"--disable-frame-rate-limit\"." } ] }, { "id": "refresh-rate-test", "name": "Refresh Rate Test", "title": "Monitor Refresh Rate (Hz) Detection Test", "url": "https://fpsrate.com/refresh-rate-test/", "category": "refresh-motion", "unit": "Hz", "defaultMetricLabel": "Detected Refresh Rate", "shortDescription": "Detect and verify your monitor native refresh rate in Hertz (60Hz, 120Hz, 144Hz, 240Hz, 360Hz+).", "description": "Validates actual hardware refresh rate synchronization by statistically analyzing hardware V-Sync intervals over hundreds of sampled frames.", "methodology": "Collects sub-millisecond frame intervals via precision performance timers, applying outlier filtering and harmonic frequency matching to determine exact display scan rate.", "limitations": [ "Multiple displays with mismatched refresh rates may cause OS compositor sync mismatch.", "Variable Refresh Rate (G-Sync/FreeSync) operates at desktop baseline unless active 3D load is present." ], "troubleshootingTips": [ "Verify display settings in Windows/macOS/Linux display properties to ensure maximum Hz is selected.", "Use DisplayPort or HDMI 2.1 cables rated for high-bandwidth refresh rates." ], "searchPrompts": [], "faqs": [ { "question": "How do I check what refresh rate (Hz) my monitor is actually running at?", "answer": "This online Refresh Rate Test samples hardware V-Sync vertical blanking intervals in real time using high-precision timers. Over hundreds of frames, it calculates the exact physical scan rate (such as 59.94Hz, 60Hz, 119.98Hz, 144Hz, 165Hz, 240Hz, or 360Hz) with sub-Hz accuracy." }, { "question": "Why is my 144Hz or 240Hz gaming monitor stuck showing only 60Hz?", "answer": "Windows and macOS frequently default newly connected monitors to 60Hz. To fix this: in Windows, go to Settings > System > Display > Advanced Display and select 144Hz/240Hz from the refresh rate dropdown. On macOS, navigate to System Settings > Displays and choose your highest refresh rate." }, { "question": "What is the difference between refresh rate (Hz) and frame rate (FPS)?", "answer": "Refresh rate (measured in Hz) is the number of times per second your physical monitor refreshes its image. Frame rate (measured in FPS) is the number of distinct images your graphics card or browser generates per second. Ideal smoothness occurs when FPS matches your monitor Hz." }, { "question": "Do HDMI and DisplayPort cables support 144Hz and 240Hz at 1440p and 4K?", "answer": "Yes, but bandwidth depends on the standard: DisplayPort 1.4 supports 1440p up to 240Hz and 4K up to 144Hz (or 240Hz with DSC). HDMI 2.0 supports 1080p 240Hz and 1440p 144Hz, while HDMI 2.1 supports 4K up to 144Hz and 240Hz uncompressed." } ] }, { "id": "monitor-test", "name": "Monitor Test", "title": "Complete Monitor Calibration & Diagnostic Suite", "url": "https://fpsrate.com/monitor-test/", "category": "display-screen", "unit": "Score", "defaultMetricLabel": "Panel Uniformity Index", "shortDescription": "Multi-stage screen assessment covering geometry, color gamut, gradients, text clarity, and contrast.", "description": "A comprehensive multi-pattern diagnostic suite for inspecting monitor calibration, viewing angles, subpixel rendering, and overall panel integrity.", "methodology": "Iterates across standardized reference color fields, gradient ramps, and micro-grid patterns to assess panel fidelity.", "limitations": [ "Ambient lighting reflections affect perceptual contrast and black level assessment.", "Browser color management depends on OS ICC profile configurations." ], "troubleshootingTips": [ "Calibrate in a dim or light-controlled environment.", "Reset monitor on-screen display (OSD) presets to standard/sRGB mode before testing." ], "searchPrompts": [], "faqs": [ { "question": "What should I check when testing a new monitor for defects?", "answer": "When testing a new monitor, systematically check for: (1) dead or stuck subpixels on solid color backgrounds, (2) backlight bleed and IPS glow in a dark room, (3) color and brightness uniformity across quadrants, (4) black level contrast and shadow detail, and (5) text sharpness and subpixel clarity." }, { "question": "How do I calibrate my monitor for accurate colors and optimal contrast?", "answer": "To calibrate your monitor: set your monitor on-screen display (OSD) color temperature to 6500K (Warm/Standard), adjust contrast until all 256 gray steps are distinguishable without clipping white, and set brightness to a comfortable 120-150 nits for office and editing work." }, { "question": "What is the difference between IPS, VA, and OLED panels during a monitor test?", "answer": "IPS panels offer superior viewing angles and color consistency with moderate 1000:1 contrast; VA panels deliver deep 3000:1 contrast ratios but exhibit slight gamma shift at angles; OLED panels offer self-emissive infinite contrast, true 0-nit blacks, and near-instant pixel response times." }, { "question": "How do I test my monitor for backlight bleed and panel uniformity issues?", "answer": "Display a pure black test card in a darkened room with brightness set to your typical working level. Backlight bleed appears as permanent yellow or white light pooling from bezel edges, while panel non-uniformity shows as uneven dark or bright patches across 50% neutral gray fields." } ] }, { "id": "screen-test", "name": "Screen Test", "title": "Display & Screen Diagnostic Pattern Test", "url": "https://fpsrate.com/screen-test/", "category": "display-screen", "unit": "Steps", "defaultMetricLabel": "Test Card Index", "shortDescription": "Rapid multi-step test patterns to verify color rendering, gray steps, viewing angles, and panel defects.", "description": "Essential test cards and geometric grids for testing laptop displays, desktop monitors, and external screens.", "methodology": "Displays precision high-contrast test targets and chromatic ramps to reveal subpixel distortion and color clipping.", "limitations": [ "Browser viewport scaling must be set to 100% (1:1 pixel mapping)." ], "troubleshootingTips": [ "Press Ctrl+0 (or Cmd+0) to ensure your browser zoom level is set to exactly 100%." ], "searchPrompts": [], "faqs": [ { "question": "How do I run a full diagnostic screen test on my laptop or desktop display?", "answer": "Launch the Screen Test in fullscreen mode (F11 or click Fullscreen) with browser zoom at 100%. Use your keyboard arrow keys or click the screen to step through RGB primaries, CMYK fields, 256-level grayscale steps, and geometric convergence grids." }, { "question": "What is 1:1 pixel mapping and why is 100% browser scaling necessary for screen tests?", "answer": "1:1 pixel mapping ensures that every single pixel rendered by the web application corresponds directly to exactly one physical subpixel on your monitor. Scaling or zooming introduces bilinear interpolation that blurs fine 1-pixel test grids." }, { "question": "How do I detect color banding, gradient posterization, or clipping?", "answer": "Step to the continuous gradient test card. A high-quality 8-bit or 10-bit calibrated panel will render smooth, seamless color transitions. If you see distinct vertical stripes, stair-stepping, or abrupt color jumps, your panel or GPU is exhibiting color banding or gamut clipping." }, { "question": "Can this online screen test detect screen burn-in on OLED displays?", "answer": "Yes. Displaying full-screen 5% dark gray, 50% neutral gray, and solid red/green/blue fields makes image retention and OLED burn-in (such as static taskbars, browser address bars, or gaming HUDs) immediately visible as faint ghost outlines." } ] }, { "id": "dead-pixel-test", "name": "Dead Pixel Test", "title": "Dead & Stuck Pixel Screen Detector", "url": "https://fpsrate.com/dead-pixel-test/", "category": "display-screen", "unit": "Defects", "defaultMetricLabel": "Defect Counter", "shortDescription": "Identify dead (black), stuck (red/green/blue/white), and defective subpixels across full-screen solid fields.", "description": "Cycle through full-screen reference color fields (Black, White, Red, Green, Blue, Cyan, Magenta, Yellow) to inspect every subpixel on your panel.", "methodology": "Fills the entire display surface with pure RGB/CMYK/monochrome color planes with zero interface clutter, allowing direct optical inspection of subpixel states.", "limitations": [ "Requires visual human inspection; browser APIs cannot read physical LCD/OLED emitter states directly." ], "troubleshootingTips": [ "Gently clean your display surface with a microfiber cloth before testing to eliminate dust particles.", "Use fullscreen mode to cover the entire panel including system status bars." ], "searchPrompts": [], "faqs": [ { "question": "How do I check my screen for dead, stuck, or defective pixels?", "answer": "Clean your screen with a dry microfiber cloth, enter fullscreen mode, and cycle through solid Black, White, Red, Green, and Blue backgrounds. Look closely across the entire panel: a dead pixel appears permanently black on bright backgrounds, while a stuck pixel shines brightly as a single red, green, or blue dot." }, { "question": "What is the difference between a dead pixel, a stuck pixel, and a hot pixel?", "answer": "A dead pixel has a completely failed transistor and remains permanently unpowered (appearing black on LCDs). A stuck pixel has one or two subpixels permanently energised (appearing red, green, or blue). A hot pixel has all three subpixels locked on (appearing bright white)." }, { "question": "Can stuck pixels fix themselves or be repaired using flashing color tools?", "answer": "Yes, stuck pixels can often be revived because the underlying transistor is still active. Rapid high-frequency color cycling tools (like our pixel repair sequencer) rapidly stimulate subpixel liquid crystals, freeing up to 60% of recently stuck pixels within 10 to 20 minutes." }, { "question": "How many dead pixels are acceptable under manufacturer warranty return policies?", "answer": "Most manufacturers adhere to ISO 9241-307 Class II standards, which allow up to 2 dead pixels or 5 stuck subpixels per million pixels. However, premium brands often offer \"Zero Bright Dot\" (ZBD) warranties that allow immediate replacement for any bright stuck pixel within 30 to 90 days." } ] }, { "id": "ghosting-test", "name": "Ghosting Test", "title": "Monitor Ghosting & Pixel Response Time Test", "url": "https://fpsrate.com/ghosting-test/", "category": "refresh-motion", "unit": "px", "defaultMetricLabel": "Trail Length", "shortDescription": "Assess pixel response time, trailing artifacts, inverse ghosting (overshoot), and motion smearing.", "description": "Moving high-contrast test objects at multiple customizable speeds to visualize gray-to-gray (GtG) panel transition delays.", "methodology": "Renders synchronized moving raster strips across diverse color backgrounds at fixed pixel-per-second velocities.", "limitations": [ "Requires hardware pursuit camera or calibrated high-speed photography for absolute millisecond quantification." ], "troubleshootingTips": [ "Adjust your monitor Overdrive (TraceFree / Response Time) setting in its OSD to find the balance between trailing and inverse ghosting overshoot." ], "searchPrompts": [], "faqs": [ { "question": "What is monitor ghosting and how do I test for it?", "answer": "Monitor ghosting occurs when liquid crystals cannot change color as quickly as new frames are drawn, leaving a visible trail or blur behind fast-moving objects. This test animates high-contrast UFO blocks across different background colors so you can inspect pixel transition trails in real time." }, { "question": "What causes inverse ghosting (overshoot / white halos) on fast gaming monitors?", "answer": "Inverse ghosting (or pixel overshoot) occurs when a monitor overdrive voltage is cranked too high. The liquid crystals overshoot their target color value and temporarily land on a brighter state, creating a glowing white or inverted halo behind moving objects." }, { "question": "How do I adjust monitor overdrive (Trace Free / AMA / Response Time) to eliminate ghosting?", "answer": "Open your monitor on-screen display (OSD) menu and navigate to Gaming > Response Time / Overdrive. Test each tier (e.g. Off, Normal, Fast, Extreme): choose the fastest setting that eliminates dark trailing without introducing bright overshoot halos (usually \"Normal\" or \"Fast\")." }, { "question": "Which panel type has the least ghosting: IPS, VA, TN, or OLED?", "answer": "OLED panels have virtually zero ghosting with instantaneous sub-0.03ms pixel transitions. Fast IPS panels offer 1-3ms GtG with minimal trailing. Modern Fast-TN panels are very fast but have poor viewing angles, while standard VA panels often suffer from dark-level smearing (black ghosting)." } ] }, { "id": "motion-blur-test", "name": "Motion Blur Test", "title": "Display Motion Blur & Moving Clarity Test", "url": "https://fpsrate.com/motion-blur-test/", "category": "refresh-motion", "unit": "MPRT", "defaultMetricLabel": "Perceived Clarity", "shortDescription": "Evaluate sample-and-hold display motion blur, persistence, and black-frame insertion (BFI) clarity.", "description": "Inspect motion blur caused by eye tracking across sample-and-hold displays (LCD/OLED) using animated line pairs and text strips.", "methodology": "Generates moving test patterns across horizontal vectors at calibrated speeds to evaluate motion persistence.", "limitations": [ "Human eye tracking behavior varies; optimal evaluation requires steady eye tracking alongside the moving object." ], "troubleshootingTips": [ "Enable Black Frame Insertion (BFI) or Motion Blur Reduction (ULMB / DyAc / ELMB) on supported monitors." ], "searchPrompts": [], "faqs": [ { "question": "Why does my 144Hz or 240Hz monitor have motion blur despite a 1ms response time?", "answer": "Even with 0ms pixel response times, modern displays use sample-and-hold technology, where each frame stays illuminated on screen for the entire refresh cycle (16.7ms on 60Hz, 6.94ms on 144Hz, 4.16ms on 240Hz). As your eyes track moving objects, retinal persistence creates motion blur." }, { "question": "What is the difference between GtG (Gray-to-Gray) and MPRT (Moving Picture Response Time)?", "answer": "GtG measures how quickly physical liquid crystals change from one color to another (pixel speed). MPRT measures how long a single frame remains continuously visible to the human eye (motion persistence). MPRT directly determines perceived motion blur." }, { "question": "What is Black Frame Insertion (BFI) and strobed backlights (ULMB, DyAc, ELMB)?", "answer": "Backlight strobing technologies (NVIDIA ULMB, BenQ DyAc, ASUS ELMB) rapidly flash the backlight off between refresh cycles, mimicking CRT displays. By drastically reducing optical persistence from 16ms to 1ms, strobing makes fast-moving text and crosshairs razor sharp." }, { "question": "How do high frame rates and refresh rates naturally reduce perceived motion blur?", "answer": "Doubling the refresh rate (e.g. from 60Hz to 120Hz) halves the frame persistence time from 16.67ms to 8.33ms. At 240Hz and 360Hz, frame persistence drops to 4.16ms and 2.77ms, reducing sample-and-hold eye tracking blur proportionally without requiring strobed backlights." } ] }, { "id": "backlight-bleed-test", "name": "Backlight Bleed Test", "title": "Backlight Bleed & IPS Glow Diagnostic Test", "url": "https://fpsrate.com/backlight-bleed-test/", "category": "display-screen", "unit": "Lux", "defaultMetricLabel": "Leakage Severity", "shortDescription": "Detect edge backlight leakage, corner IPS glow, and clouding in light-controlled conditions.", "description": "Full-screen zero-luminance black field test designed to expose mechanical edge-lit leakage and panel pressure irregularities.", "methodology": "Presents a pure 0% black RGB canvas with cursor auto-hide to allow visual inspection in dark environments.", "limitations": [ "Viewing angle alters IPS glow intensity; distinguish between angle-dependent glow and permanent mechanical edge bleed." ], "troubleshootingTips": [ "Dim ambient room lights completely and inspect the screen from a distance of at least 1 meter." ], "searchPrompts": [], "faqs": [ { "question": "How do I test my monitor for backlight bleed and clouding?", "answer": "Turn off all room lights so the environment is completely dark. Open the Backlight Bleed Test in fullscreen mode, set monitor brightness to your normal working level (usually 30-50%), and inspect the bezel edges and corners for bright light leaking onto the black field." }, { "question": "What is the difference between IPS Glow and true backlight bleed?", "answer": "IPS Glow is an inherent optical characteristic of all IPS panels that shifts in brightness and color when you move your head or change viewing angles. Backlight Bleed is a physical manufacturing defect where the bezel pinches the panel, creating localized bright spots that never change with angle." }, { "question": "Can backlight bleed be fixed or reduced with pressure adjustments?", "answer": "Severe bleed is a permanent physical defect, but minor edge bleed caused by bezel frame tension can sometimes be reduced by slightly loosening overly tight VESA mount screws or gently massaging the bezel edges with a soft microfiber cloth." }, { "question": "Is backlight bleed covered under standard manufacturer monitor warranties?", "answer": "Yes, but manufacturers distinguish between normal cosmetic IPS glow and excessive backlight bleed. If bright light pooling is visible under normal ambient room lighting during dark movie scenes or games, it qualifies as a defective panel eligible for RMA replacement." } ] }, { "id": "screen-resolution-test", "name": "Screen Resolution Test", "title": "Display Screen Resolution & Viewport Detector", "url": "https://fpsrate.com/screen-resolution-test/", "category": "screen-information", "unit": "px", "defaultMetricLabel": "Detected Resolution", "shortDescription": "Detect physical screen resolution, CSS viewport dimensions, device pixel ratio, and color depth.", "description": "Instant technical readout of screen.width, window.devicePixelRatio, color depth, and available desktop real estate.", "methodology": "Queries window.screen, visualViewport, and media queries (resolution, color-gamut) to map physical vs logical pixel dimensions.", "limitations": [ "Browser zoom and OS DPI scaling (e.g. 125%, 150%, 200%) scale logical viewport coordinates." ], "troubleshootingTips": [ "Check OS display scaling settings if logical viewport does not match advertised panel resolution." ], "searchPrompts": [], "faqs": [ { "question": "How do I find my screen native resolution, aspect ratio, and viewport size?", "answer": "This tool instantly reads your hardware screen buffer dimensions, available desktop workspace, active CSS viewport, and aspect ratio. It calculates native resolution by multiplying logical CSS dimensions by your operating system Device Pixel Ratio (DPR)." }, { "question": "What is Device Pixel Ratio (DPR) and how does Windows/macOS scaling affect it?", "answer": "Device Pixel Ratio (DPR) is the multiplier between physical hardware pixels and logical CSS pixels. On a 4K (3840x2160) monitor set to 200% scaling, DPR is 2.0, meaning each logical 1x1 CSS pixel is rendered using a sharp 2x2 grid of 4 physical hardware pixels." }, { "question": "Why does my 4K monitor report a 1080p or 1440p CSS viewport in the browser?", "answer": "When Windows or macOS applies display scaling (such as 200% on 4K or 150% on 1440p), web browsers report scaled \"CSS pixels\" (1920x1080) so that text and web layouts remain readable rather than tiny. The physical hardware buffer is still receiving the full 3840x2160 native image." }, { "question": "How do I verify if my display is outputting Full HD (1080p), QHD (1440p), or UHD (4K)?", "answer": "Check the \"Native Physical Resolution\" readout in this tool. Common standards include 1920x1080 (1080p FHD, 16:9), 2560x1440 (1440p QHD, 16:9), 3440x1440 (UWQHD, 21:9 Ultrawide), and 3840x2160 (4K UHD, 16:9)." } ] }, { "id": "screen-size-test", "name": "Screen Size Test", "title": "Physical Screen Size & Diagonal Dimension Tool", "url": "https://fpsrate.com/screen-size-test/", "category": "screen-information", "unit": "Inches", "defaultMetricLabel": "Screen Diagonal", "shortDescription": "Calculate physical diagonal size (inches/cm), aspect ratio, and viewable surface area.", "description": "Calibrate with standard physical references (credit card / standard ID) to determine exact screen diagonal and active display area.", "methodology": "Uses physical reference scaling factors to compute millimeter dimensions and calculate diagonal screen size.", "limitations": [ "Web browsers cannot query physical panel millimeter sizes directly from EDID over standard web APIs." ], "troubleshootingTips": [ "Use an on-screen reference slider to match the width of a standard credit card (85.60 mm)." ], "searchPrompts": [], "faqs": [ { "question": "How do I measure my physical monitor diagonal screen size without a tape measure?", "answer": "Place a standard credit card or driver license against your screen, adjust the on-screen calibration slider until the virtual card perfectly matches the real card width (85.60 mm), and the tool will calculate your exact physical diagonal size in inches and centimeters." }, { "question": "Why cannot web browsers automatically detect the physical inch dimensions of my screen?", "answer": "Operating systems do not expose raw hardware EDID physical millimeter values to browser JavaScript to protect user privacy and prevent unique device fingerprinting tracking across the web." }, { "question": "How does screen aspect ratio (16:9, 16:10, 21:9 Ultrawide) affect physical viewing area?", "answer": "For the same diagonal size, screens closer to a 1:1 square have greater total surface area than wider screens. A 27-inch 16:9 screen has ~311 sq inches of area, while a 34-inch 21:9 ultrawide has ~420 sq inches, offering 33% more horizontal desktop workspace." }, { "question": "What is the optimal viewing distance for 24-inch, 27-inch, and 32-inch monitors?", "answer": "For optimal field of view (FOV ~30°-40°) and eye comfort: 24-inch monitors are best viewed at 50-70 cm (20-28 in); 27-inch monitors at 60-80 cm (24-32 in); and 32-inch 4K displays at 75-100 cm (30-40 in)." } ] }, { "id": "color-test", "name": "Color Test", "title": "Display Color Accuracy & Gamut Spectrum Test", "url": "https://fpsrate.com/color-test/", "category": "display-screen", "unit": "Gamut", "defaultMetricLabel": "Gamut Support", "shortDescription": "Verify RGB/CMYK color reproduction, primary chromaticity, and wide color gamut (sRGB, DCI-P3, Rec.2020).", "description": "Evaluate color saturation, clipping, and wide-gamut capabilities with CSS Color Module Level 4 color spaces (display-p3, rec2020).", "methodology": "Tests CSS gamut media queries and renders reference color swatches to check gamut clipping and hue fidelity.", "limitations": [ "Exact delta-E color accuracy requires a hardware colorimeter probe (e.g. Calibrite / Datacolor Spyder)." ], "troubleshootingTips": [ "Ensure wide-gamut support is enabled in your browser flags (e.g., Force color profile: Display P3 / sRGB)." ], "searchPrompts": [], "faqs": [ { "question": "How do I test my monitor color accuracy and wide color gamut support?", "answer": "This test inspects CSS Color Module Level 4 color space capabilities and renders high-saturation reference swatches across sRGB, DCI-P3, and Rec.2020 to verify whether your display hardware can resolve wide-gamut chromaticities without clipping or hue shifting." }, { "question": "What is the difference between sRGB, DCI-P3, and Adobe RGB color spaces?", "answer": "sRGB is the standard color gamut for general web content; DCI-P3 covers ~25% more color volume than sRGB with richer reds and greens (used in Apple displays and cinema); Adobe RGB extends into deep cyan and green tones essential for professional photography and print production." }, { "question": "How do I enable wide-gamut (Display P3) color management in Google Chrome and macOS?", "answer": "On macOS, wide-gamut P3 is enabled natively. In Chrome on Windows, verify wide-gamut color management by visiting \"chrome://flags\", searching for \"Force color profile\", and setting it to \"Display P3 D65\" or \"sRGB\" to match your monitor calibration." }, { "question": "What is Delta E (ΔE) in monitor color calibration and what score is considered accurate?", "answer": "Delta E (ΔE) measures the mathematical difference between a displayed color and its theoretical target. A ΔE < 1.0 is imperceptible to the human eye; ΔE < 2.0 is the benchmark for professional studio color grading; and ΔE < 3.0 is considered excellent for consumer monitors." } ] }, { "id": "contrast-test", "name": "Contrast Test", "title": "Display Contrast Ratio & Dynamic Range Test", "url": "https://fpsrate.com/contrast-test/", "category": "display-screen", "unit": "Steps", "defaultMetricLabel": "Discernible Steps", "shortDescription": "Evaluate black level depth, white saturation, shadow detail retention, and step gradients.", "description": "Fine-tuned luminance step patches ranging from 0.5% black to 99.5% white to detect black crushing and highlight clipping.", "methodology": "Renders calibrated 256-level gray step matrices in 1% and 0.5% increments on high-contrast backgrounds.", "limitations": [ "Ambient room reflections reduce perceptible dark step separation." ], "troubleshootingTips": [ "Adjust monitor Brightness and Contrast OSD settings until near-black and near-white squares are distinctly visible." ], "searchPrompts": [], "faqs": [ { "question": "How do I test and calibrate my monitor contrast ratio and black levels?", "answer": "Launch the Contrast Test in a dimly lit room. You should be able to clearly distinguish the darkest square (level 1 or 0.5% gray) from pure black, and the brightest square (level 254 or 99.5% white) from pure white without highlights blowing out." }, { "question": "What is black crush and how do I prevent shadow details from disappearing?", "answer": "Black crush occurs when low-luminance dark gray steps (levels 1-16) clip completely into solid black. To fix black crush, slightly increase monitor brightness or shadow boost / black equalizer settings until dark gray boxes become distinctly visible." }, { "question": "What is the difference between static contrast ratio and dynamic contrast ratio?", "answer": "Static contrast ratio measures the simultaneous difference between white and black on the same frame (e.g. 1000:1 for IPS, 3000:1 for VA). Dynamic contrast ratio is an inflated marketing metric that dims the entire backlight during dark scenes and brightens it during white scenes." }, { "question": "Why do OLED panels have infinite contrast compared to IPS (1000:1) and VA (3000:1) monitors?", "answer": "OLED panels use self-lit individual pixels that turn completely off (0.000 nits) when displaying black. Because any luminance divided by zero equals infinity (X / 0 = ∞), OLED displays achieve true infinite contrast with no backlight bleed." } ] }, { "id": "gamma-test", "name": "Gamma Test", "title": "Monitor Gamma 2.2 Calibration Test", "url": "https://fpsrate.com/gamma-test/", "category": "display-screen", "unit": "γ", "defaultMetricLabel": "Estimated Gamma", "shortDescription": "Verify display gamma curve (Gamma 1.8, 2.2, 2.4) using alternating subpixel luminance patterns.", "description": "Optical dithering pattern test to measure your display transfer curve against the standard sRGB/ITU-R BT.709 gamma 2.2 baseline.", "methodology": "Compares solid gray patches with 50% luminance dithered micro-lines that optically blend at calibrated gamma coefficients.", "limitations": [ "Viewing distance and angle must be sufficient for subpixel lines to blend optically into smooth gray fields." ], "troubleshootingTips": [ "Sit at your normal viewing distance (about arm-length) and squint slightly until the line patterns merge with the solid tone." ], "searchPrompts": [], "faqs": [ { "question": "What is monitor gamma and why is Gamma 2.2 the universal standard?", "answer": "Gamma is the non-linear mathematical curve that translates digital color values into physical light emission. Gamma 2.2 is the universal standard for Windows, the web, and digital photography because it matches the human eye non-linear perception of brightness in mid-tones." }, { "question": "How do I test and calibrate my display to Gamma 2.2 without expensive hardware?", "answer": "Sit back at normal viewing distance, squint slightly, and look at the alternating solid and dithered line pattern circles. The circle that blends seamlessly into the surrounding background indicates your current gamma coefficient (aim for the 2.2 mark)." }, { "question": "What is the difference between Gamma 1.8, Gamma 2.2, and Gamma 2.4?", "answer": "Gamma 1.8 brightens shadows and mid-tones (older Mac standard); Gamma 2.2 is the standard for bright to moderately lit rooms and web browsing; Gamma 2.4 (BT.1886) provides deeper blacks and richer contrast for mastering films in dark home theater rooms." }, { "question": "Why do dark scenes look washed out or too dark when gamma is miscalibrated?", "answer": "If gamma is too low (e.g. 1.8), images look washed out, flat, and hazy with overly bright shadows. If gamma is too high (e.g. 2.6), mid-tones and dark details are crushed into dark mud, making games and movies look unnaturally dark." } ] }, { "id": "screen-flicker-test", "name": "Screen Flicker Test", "title": "Screen Flicker & PWM Backlight Detection Test", "url": "https://fpsrate.com/screen-flicker-test/", "category": "refresh-motion", "unit": "Hz", "defaultMetricLabel": "Flicker Sensitivity", "shortDescription": "Expose Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM) backlight flicker and temporal dithering artifacts.", "description": "High-frequency stroboscopic and fine-striped patterns designed to make PWM backlight cycling and temporal FRC visible.", "methodology": "Displays high-frequency contrasting line bars and rapid alternating grids to provoke stroboscopic interference with PWM frequencies.", "limitations": [ "Low-frequency PWM can be confirmed optically; dedicated flicker meters or high-speed phone camera shutter speeds are recommended for exact kHz." ], "troubleshootingTips": [ "Test at various monitor brightness levels (100%, 50%, 25%) as PWM flicker typically intensifies at lower brightness settings." ], "searchPrompts": [], "faqs": [ { "question": "What is PWM (Pulse-Width Modulation) screen flicker and why does it cause eye strain?", "answer": "PWM dims monitor backlights by cycling LEDs on and off thousands of times per second. Even when flicker is too fast to perceive consciously, the continuous rapid pulsing forces your iris muscles to fluctuate, causing severe eye strain, fatigue, and migraines." }, { "question": "How do I test if my monitor or laptop screen uses PWM backlight dimming?", "answer": "Lower your screen brightness to 20-30%, point your smartphone camera at the screen in Pro/Manual mode with shutter speed set to 1/1000s or 1/2000s, and look for thick dark horizontal scan bands moving across the phone preview." }, { "question": "What is a \"Flicker-Free\" (DC Dimming) monitor and how does it protect eyesight?", "answer": "Flicker-Free monitors use Direct Current (DC) regulation to reduce backlight brightness by lowering voltage smoothly without pulsing LEDs on and off. This delivers steady, uninterrupted illumination that prevents eye strain during long working sessions." }, { "question": "Why does screen flicker become more aggressive when monitor brightness is lowered?", "answer": "In PWM displays, lower brightness is achieved by keeping the backlight turned OFF for a longer fraction of each cycle. At 100% brightness, the backlight is continuously ON (0% flicker), while at 20% brightness, it is OFF for 80% of the time." } ] }, { "id": "frame-time-test", "name": "Frame Time Test", "title": "Frame Time & Render Latency Analyzer", "url": "https://fpsrate.com/frame-time-test/", "category": "fps-frame-performance", "unit": "ms", "defaultMetricLabel": "Average Frame Time", "shortDescription": "Analyze frame duration in milliseconds (e.g. 16.6ms for 60Hz, 6.94ms for 144Hz) and frame time variance.", "description": "Deep dive into rendering latency by plotting a continuous real-time millisecond frame time graph to reveal jitter and compositor hitches.", "methodology": "Records performance.now() elapsed durations between consecutive draw cycles, computing standard deviation and jitter variance.", "limitations": [ "Measures browser thread render interval; does not include GPU scanout to monitor cable travel time." ], "troubleshootingTips": [ "Disable background browser extensions that inject heavy DOM scripts on every tick." ], "searchPrompts": [], "faqs": [ { "question": "What is frame time (latency) in milliseconds and how does it relate to FPS?", "answer": "Frame time is the exact time (in milliseconds) required to render and display a single frame on screen. It is the mathematical reciprocal of FPS: Frame Time (ms) = 1000 / FPS. For example, 60 FPS = 16.67ms, 144 FPS = 6.94ms, and 240 FPS = 4.16ms." }, { "question": "Why is low frame time variance more important than high average FPS for smooth gameplay?", "answer": "A system averaging 100 FPS can still feel choppy if 90 frames render in 5ms while 10 frames stall for 50ms. A steady, flat frame time line with zero variance (e.g. consistent 16.67ms) feels significantly smoother than a fluctuating, jittery 120 FPS." }, { "question": "What is the exact target frame time for 60Hz, 120Hz, 144Hz, 240Hz, and 360Hz displays?", "answer": "Standard frame time intervals are: 60Hz = 16.67ms; 75Hz = 13.33ms; 120Hz = 8.33ms; 144Hz = 6.94ms; 165Hz = 6.06ms; 240Hz = 4.16ms; and 360Hz = 2.78ms." }, { "question": "What causes sudden frame time spikes and micro-stutter in web browsers and games?", "answer": "Frame time spikes are caused by JavaScript garbage collection pauses, heavy DOM reflows, background CPU/GPU thread contention, asset loading hitches, or GPU driver shader compilation stalls." } ] }, { "id": "frame-pacing-test", "name": "Frame Pacing Test", "title": "Frame Pacing & Stutter Consistency Test", "url": "https://fpsrate.com/frame-pacing-test/", "category": "fps-frame-performance", "unit": "ms", "defaultMetricLabel": "Pacing Jitter", "shortDescription": "Detect frame delivery unevenness, micro-stutters, and presentation queue pacing anomalies.", "description": "Moving cadence markers across fixed grid positions to visualize whether frames arrive at strictly uniform time intervals.", "methodology": "Tracks per-frame positional offsets against theoretical continuous physics trajectories, flagging timing anomalies.", "limitations": [ "Operating system window compositor scheduling and timer resolution (precision clamps) influence timing accuracy." ], "troubleshootingTips": [ "Ensure no secondary monitor on a different refresh rate is actively playing video content in the background." ], "searchPrompts": [], "faqs": [ { "question": "What is frame pacing and why does uneven frame delivery cause stutter?", "answer": "Frame pacing refers to the consistency with which frames are delivered to the monitor. Even if your GPU outputs 60 FPS, if two frames arrive in 8ms followed by a 25ms gap, your eyes perceive micro-stutter and judder because object positions jump unevenly across the screen." }, { "question": "How do I test if my display has smooth, consistent frame pacing?", "answer": "This test moves high-speed vertical markers across a calibrated grid. If frame pacing is flawless, the marker moves smoothly with zero hitching. If frame pacing is irregular, the marker will periodically vibrate, jitter, or skip forward." }, { "question": "What is the difference between micro-stutter, dropped frames, and low frame rate?", "answer": "Low frame rate is a consistently slow cadence (e.g. 24 FPS); dropped frames occur when a frame is skipped completely, causing a momentary freeze; micro-stutter is rapid fluctuation in frame delivery intervals that makes 60+ FPS feel like 30 FPS." }, { "question": "How do G-Sync, FreeSync, and RTSS (RivaTuner) frame capping fix erratic frame pacing?", "answer": "Variable Refresh Rate (VRR) dynamically matches the monitor refresh rate to the GPU output, ensuring every frame is displayed immediately without waiting for a fixed V-Sync interval. Capping FPS 3-4 FPS below maximum refresh rate prevents buffer queue bloat." } ] }, { "id": "screen-tearing-test", "name": "Screen Tearing Test", "title": "Screen Tearing & V-Sync Synchronization Test", "url": "https://fpsrate.com/screen-tearing-test/", "category": "refresh-motion", "unit": "Tears", "defaultMetricLabel": "Tear Detection Status", "shortDescription": "Expose horizontal frame tearing lines and buffer synchronization mismatches across fast horizontal pans.", "description": "High-speed vertical bar sweep test that immediately exposes scanline tearing when frame buffers swap during active display scanout.", "methodology": "Moves high-contrast vertical bars horizontally at high speed, creating visible horizontal displacement fractures when tearing occurs.", "limitations": [ "Modern browser window compositors (DWM / Quartz / Wayland) enforce desktop V-Sync by default." ], "troubleshootingTips": [ "Test in exclusive fullscreen mode or verify GPU control panel V-Sync and G-Sync/FreeSync settings." ], "searchPrompts": [], "faqs": [ { "question": "What causes screen tearing on computer monitors and laptop screens?", "answer": "Screen tearing happens when the graphics card sends a new frame to the monitor while the monitor is in the middle of scanning out the previous frame. The top half shows the old frame and the bottom half shows the new frame, creating a visible horizontal fracture line." }, { "question": "How do I test my monitor for screen tearing and V-Sync synchronization?", "answer": "Launch this test in fullscreen mode. A series of high-contrast vertical bars will sweep horizontally across your screen at high speed. If V-Sync or G-Sync is failing, the vertical lines will break and split horizontally as they move." }, { "question": "How do V-Sync, NVIDIA G-Sync, and AMD FreeSync eliminate horizontal tear lines?", "answer": "V-Sync locks GPU buffer swaps to the monitor vertical blanking interval (VBLANK). G-Sync and FreeSync work in reverse by letting the GPU dictate when the monitor refreshes its panel, eliminating tearing completely without the stutter of traditional V-Sync." }, { "question": "Does V-Sync add input lag and what is the best way to prevent screen tearing with low latency?", "answer": "Traditional double-buffered V-Sync adds 1-2 frames of input latency (~16-33ms). The optimal low-latency setup for gaming is: Enable G-Sync/FreeSync + Enable V-Sync in GPU Control Panel + Cap in-game frame rate 3 FPS below maximum refresh rate (e.g. 141 FPS on 144Hz)." } ] }, { "id": "frame-skipping-test", "name": "Frame Skipping Test", "title": "Monitor Overclock & Frame Skipping Verification", "url": "https://fpsrate.com/frame-skipping-test/", "category": "refresh-motion", "unit": "Blocks", "defaultMetricLabel": "Consecutive Frames", "shortDescription": "Verify if your monitor overclock or custom resolution is genuinely displaying all frames without dropping cycles.", "description": "A rapid flashing block matrix photographed with a camera at ~1/5s shutter speed to verify uninterrupted continuous frame delivery.", "methodology": "Renders a grid of sequentially illuminated blocks that advance by exactly 1 position per refresh cycle.", "limitations": [ "Requires taking a photo with a smartphone/camera at a slow shutter speed (~1/10s to 1/5s) to read continuous light blocks." ], "troubleshootingTips": [ "Set your camera to manual exposure or night mode and capture the moving block grid in motion." ], "searchPrompts": [], "faqs": [ { "question": "What is monitor frame skipping and how do I test for it after overclocking?", "answer": "Frame skipping occurs when a monitor accepts a high refresh rate signal (e.g. 75Hz or 165Hz) from your graphics card but its internal display scaler cannot keep up, dropping frames and displaying only 60Hz. This test renders a moving block grid designed to be photographed to verify frame delivery." }, { "question": "How do I photograph the frame skipping test pattern with a smartphone camera?", "answer": "Set your smartphone camera to Pro/Manual mode, configure shutter speed to 1/5s or 1/10s, hold the phone steady, and take a photo of the moving blocks. A properly working display will show an unbroken, solid streak of consecutive lit squares. If squares are missing with dark gaps in between, the monitor is skipping frames." }, { "question": "Why do some monitors accept a 75Hz or 144Hz signal but skip frames internally?", "answer": "Budget monitor scalar chips often advertise compatibility with higher refresh rates to pass HDMI EDID handshake checks, but downsample or drop intermediate frames before scanning out to the LCD panel." }, { "question": "Is monitor overclocking safe and what are the signs of display controller instability?", "answer": "Moderate monitor overclocking (e.g. 60Hz to 75Hz) is generally safe because modern display controllers include thermal protections. Symptoms of an unstable overclock include frame skipping, pixel sparkle/snow, black screen signal loss, or lines across the panel." } ] }, { "id": "hdr-test", "name": "HDR Test", "title": "High Dynamic Range (HDR) Capability & Brightness Test", "url": "https://fpsrate.com/hdr-test/", "category": "display-screen", "unit": "Nits", "defaultMetricLabel": "HDR Status", "shortDescription": "Detect HDR display support, wide color gamut headroom, and peak luminance metadata.", "description": "Queries CSS dynamic-range media queries (dynamic-range: high) and renders 10-bit/12-bit wide-dynamic luminance gradients.", "methodology": "Evaluates window.matchMedia(\"(dynamic-range: high)\") and renders high-luminance Rec.2100 test targets.", "limitations": [ "Full HDR rendering requires OS HDR toggle to be active in Windows/macOS display settings." ], "troubleshootingTips": [ "Turn ON \"Use HDR\" in Windows HD Color Settings or macOS Display Settings." ], "searchPrompts": [], "faqs": [ { "question": "How do I test if HDR (High Dynamic Range) is working properly in my web browser?", "answer": "This test queries CSS dynamic-range media queries and renders high-luminance Rec.2100 test swatches. When HDR is active, highlight squares will illuminate significantly brighter than standard sRGB white (exceeding 400-1000 nits) without clipping details." }, { "question": "What is the difference between DisplayHDR 400, 600, 1000, and True Black HDR?", "answer": "DisplayHDR 400 requires only 400 nits and standard edge-lit LCD (often lacks local dimming); DisplayHDR 600/1000 requires zone local dimming and wide DCI-P3 color; DisplayHDR True Black is tailored for OLED displays requiring 0.0005-nit true blacks and instant per-pixel contrast." }, { "question": "Why do colors look washed out or dim when enabling HDR in Windows 11 / Windows 10?", "answer": "Windows maps standard SDR desktop applications to a baseline brightness level when HDR is active. To fix washed out colors: open Windows Settings > System > Display > HDR, and adjust the \"SDR content brightness\" slider to ~30-40% to match your preferred ambient lighting." }, { "question": "How do I calibrate Windows HDR brightness slider and enable auto-HDR?", "answer": "Download the free \"Windows HDR Calibration\" app from the Microsoft Store. Follow the test cards to set your monitor minimum black point (0 nits for OLED), maximum peak luminance (e.g. 1000 nits), and color saturation profile." } ] }, { "id": "color-banding-test", "name": "Color Banding Test", "title": "Color Banding & Bit Depth (8-bit vs 10-bit) Test", "url": "https://fpsrate.com/color-banding-test/", "category": "display-screen", "unit": "Bit", "defaultMetricLabel": "Gradient Smoothness", "shortDescription": "Detect visible stair-stepping and posterization in subtle color and grayscale gradient ramps.", "description": "Full-range continuous 16-bit CSS gradients and precision dithered ramps to reveal 6-bit+FRC, 8-bit, and 10-bit panel gradations.", "methodology": "Displays ultra-fine luminance gradients across wide canvas spans, highlighting quantization steps and color banding.", "limitations": [ "Browser rendering engines quantize gradients to internal canvas bit depths unless wide-gamut surfaces are supported." ], "troubleshootingTips": [ "Set GPU output color depth to 10 bpc (bits per color) in NVIDIA Control Panel or AMD Radeon Software." ], "searchPrompts": [], "faqs": [ { "question": "What causes color banding (posterization) in gradients and dark scenes?", "answer": "Color banding happens when a display panel or video signal lacks sufficient bit depth to represent smooth color steps. On a 6-bit or poorly calibrated 8-bit screen, subtle gradient transitions collapse into harsh, visible vertical bands or posterized contour rings." }, { "question": "What is the difference between 8-bit, 8-bit + FRC, and true 10-bit color depth?", "answer": "An 8-bit panel renders 256 shades per color channel (16.7 million colors); 8-bit + FRC (Frame Rate Control) rapidly flickers adjacent pixel shades to simulate 10-bit; a true 10-bit panel renders 1,024 shades per channel (1.07 billion colors) with ultra-smooth gradient transitions." }, { "question": "How do I set my graphics card (NVIDIA / AMD) to output 10-bit color depth (10 bpc)?", "answer": "In NVIDIA Control Panel, go to Display > Change Resolution, select \"Use NVIDIA color settings\", and change \"Output color depth\" from 8 bpc to 10 bpc. In AMD Software, go to Gaming > Display and set \"Color Depth\" to 10 bpc." }, { "question": "How does spatial and temporal dithering eliminate gradient banding on 8-bit monitors?", "answer": "Dithering blends intermediate pixel micro-patterns across space and time. By rapidly oscillating subpixels between adjacent color values, dithering tricks the human eye into perceiving smooth 10-bit color gradients on standard 8-bit displays." } ] }, { "id": "screen-uniformity-test", "name": "Screen Uniformity Test", "title": "Luminance & Color Uniformity Diagnostic", "url": "https://fpsrate.com/screen-uniformity-test/", "category": "display-screen", "unit": "%", "defaultMetricLabel": "Uniformity Score", "shortDescription": "Assess brightness consistency, color temperature balance, and dirty screen effect (DSE) across the panel.", "description": "Inspect full-screen fields of 5%, 20%, 50%, 80%, and 100% luminance to spot dark corners, vignetting, or color tint shifts.", "methodology": "Generates full-screen calibrated neutral gray and solid color planes with interactive 3x3 and 5x5 quadrant inspection grids.", "limitations": [ "Visual human assessment; hardware colorimeter grid profiling needed for delta-E uniformity maps." ], "troubleshootingTips": [ "Clean screen and position your eyes perpendicular to the center of the display to eliminate angle-induced shading." ], "searchPrompts": [], "faqs": [ { "question": "How do I test my monitor for brightness uniformity and color temperature consistency?", "answer": "Enter fullscreen mode and cycle through 20%, 50%, and 80% neutral gray test fields. Divide the screen mentally into 9 quadrants: look for brightness drop-offs at the edges (vignetting), cloudy patches, or color temperature shifts (e.g. left side warm yellow, right side cool blue)." }, { "question": "What is Dirty Screen Effect (DSE) and why does it occur on LCD and OLED panels?", "answer": "Dirty Screen Effect (DSE) refers to cloudy, streaky, or muddy patches on a display panel that look like dust or grease behind the glass. It is most noticeable during fast camera pans across uniform backgrounds like hockey ice, soccer pitches, or gray skies." }, { "question": "What causes dark corners (vignetting) and yellow/blue tint shifts on monitor edges?", "answer": "Vignetting is caused by edge-lit LED light diffuser light guides dropping in intensity near outer bezel corners. Tint shifts happen when liquid crystal alignment or anti-glare matte coating layers vary in thickness across the panel." }, { "question": "What percentage of luminance variation is considered acceptable for professional displays?", "answer": "Standard consumer monitors typically have 10-15% luminance variation across edges. Professional graphic design monitors (like ASUS ProArt or EIZO ColorEdge) feature Digital Uniformity Compensation (DUC) to keep variation under 5% with ΔE < 1.5 across all quadrants." } ] }, { "id": "sharpness-test", "name": "Sharpness Test", "title": "Display Sharpness & Subpixel Rendering Test", "url": "https://fpsrate.com/sharpness-test/", "category": "display-screen", "unit": "L/mm", "defaultMetricLabel": "Clarity Index", "shortDescription": "Evaluate subpixel text clarity, edge aliasing, scaling halos, and moiré interference patterns.", "description": "Fine 1-pixel alternating line pairs, concentric rings, and typography micro-grids to calibrate display sharpness and ClearType/Font smoothing.", "methodology": "Renders 1-pixel black and white line patterns that reveal artificial edge-enhancement halos and subpixel fringing.", "limitations": [ "Requires exact 100% browser zoom for 1:1 pixel grid alignment." ], "troubleshootingTips": [ "Reduce monitor OSD sharpness setting if white halo rings appear around dark lines and text." ], "searchPrompts": [], "faqs": [ { "question": "How do I test and calibrate my monitor sharpness setting for crisp text and graphics?", "answer": "Open the Sharpness Test with browser zoom at exactly 100%. Look at the 1-pixel alternating black-and-white grid lines. Adjust your monitor on-screen display (OSD) sharpness: if lines show glowing white halo rings, sharpness is too high; if lines blur together into gray, sharpness is too low." }, { "question": "Why does setting monitor sharpness too high cause white halo ringing artifacts?", "answer": "Excessive hardware sharpness uses digital edge enhancement filters that artificially boost high-contrast pixel boundaries with bright white rings. This distorts native subpixel font rendering and causes jagged, vibrating edges in fine graphics." }, { "question": "How do Windows ClearType and macOS font smoothing affect subpixel text clarity?", "answer": "Windows ClearType uses subpixel rendering (lighting individual red, green, and blue subpixels) to triple horizontal text resolution. On Windows, search for \"Adjust ClearType text\" in the Start Menu and run the wizard to match your monitor subpixel layout." }, { "question": "What is the difference between standard RGB subpixel layout and BGR / OLED subpixel text fringing?", "answer": "Most standard monitors use RGB subpixel arrangement. Displays with BGR or OLED triangular/pentile subpixel layouts invert the subpixel order, causing color fringing (red/blue shadows on text edges) unless subpixel font rendering is recalibrated in software." } ] }, { "id": "ppi-test", "name": "PPI Test", "title": "Pixels Per Inch (PPI) & Pixel Density Calculator", "url": "https://fpsrate.com/ppi-test/", "category": "screen-information", "unit": "PPI", "defaultMetricLabel": "Pixel Density", "shortDescription": "Calculate exact pixel density (PPI), pixel pitch (mm), total megapixels, and optimal viewing distances.", "description": "Input or auto-detect screen dimensions to calculate pixel density, visual acuity limits, and minimum distance for retina sharpness.", "methodology": "Applies Pythagorean theorem across horizontal/vertical resolution and physical diagonal: sqrt(w^2 + h^2) / inches.", "limitations": [ "Requires diagonal screen size input for physical millimeter density calculations." ], "troubleshootingTips": [ "Check your monitor box or manual for exact diagonal screen size in inches (e.g. 24\", 27\", 32\")." ], "searchPrompts": [], "faqs": [ { "question": "What is PPI (Pixels Per Inch) and how is pixel density calculated?", "answer": "PPI (Pixels Per Inch) measures how tightly packed physical pixels are on a display panel. It is calculated using the Pythagorean theorem: PPI = √(width² + height²) / diagonal inches. Higher PPI produces sharper text, smoother curves, and finer image detail." }, { "question": "What is a good PPI for gaming, office work, and graphic design monitors?", "answer": "92-94 PPI (24\" 1080p) is standard baseline; 108-110 PPI (27\" 1440p) is considered the sweet spot for gaming and productivity with no scaling required; 140-163 PPI (27\"-32\" 4K) provides crisp retina-grade clarity with 150% scaling." }, { "question": "What is \"Retina\" resolution and at what distance do individual pixels become invisible?", "answer": "A display reaches \"Retina\" resolution when the eye visual acuity limit (1 arcminute / 60 PPD) is satisfied, making individual pixels indistinguishable. A 110 PPI monitor becomes retina at ~78 cm (31 in), while a 163 PPI 4K monitor is retina at only ~53 cm (21 in)." }, { "question": "Why does a 27-inch 1440p monitor have sharper text than a 27-inch 1080p monitor?", "answer": "A 27-inch 1080p monitor has 81.59 PPI with large 0.311mm pixel pitch, making text look pixelated up close. A 27-inch 1440p monitor packs 1.77 times more pixels into the exact same physical area (108.79 PPI, 0.233mm pitch), rendering crisp, razor-sharp typography." } ] }, { "id": "webgl-fps-test", "name": "WebGL FPS Test", "title": "WebGL & 3D GPU Browser Performance Benchmark", "url": "https://fpsrate.com/webgl-fps-test/", "category": "fps-frame-performance", "unit": "FPS", "defaultMetricLabel": "GPU Sustained FPS", "shortDescription": "Stress test your GPU rendering pipeline with dynamic WebGL geometry, particle simulation, and shader workloads.", "description": "Render complex 3D meshes and instanced particle buffers to stress browser WebGL throughput and measure sustained GPU frame rates.", "methodology": "Executes WebGL 2.0 draw calls with customizable particle counts (10k to 500k) and shader complexity, tracking throughput and draw call overhead.", "limitations": [ "Browser WebGL implementations have sandboxed driver layers that differ from native Direct3D/Vulkan performance." ], "troubleshootingTips": [ "Ensure WebGL 2.0 is supported and hardware acceleration is active in chrome://gpu or about:support." ], "searchPrompts": [], "faqs": [ { "question": "How do I stress test my GPU and 3D graphics rendering in the web browser?", "answer": "Launch the WebGL FPS Benchmark, select your stress profile (e.g. 50,000 to 250,000 instanced particles with dynamic lighting), and observe sustained frame rates, frame time spikes, and WebGL draw call throughput in real time." }, { "question": "What is WebGL 2.0 and how does hardware acceleration boost 3D performance?", "answer": "WebGL 2.0 brings OpenGL ES 3.0 graphics capabilities directly into browser canvases without plugins. Hardware acceleration routes 3D matrix math, vertex transformation, and fragment shaders directly to your dedicated GPU rather than bogging down the CPU." }, { "question": "Why is my WebGL FPS low or capped at 30 or 60 FPS in Chrome, Firefox, or Safari?", "answer": "Low WebGL FPS can result from: (1) Hardware Acceleration disabled in browser settings, (2) browser running on integrated CPU graphics instead of your dedicated NVIDIA/AMD GPU, or (3) OS power-saving battery profile limiting GPU clocks." }, { "question": "How do draw calls, shader complexity, and instanced particles stress the graphics pipeline?", "answer": "Instanced particles stress GPU fill rate and memory bandwidth; complex fragment shaders test GPU ALU arithmetic units; and high draw call counts test the browser JavaScript CPU-to-GPU command buffer dispatch efficiency." } ] }, { "id": "complete-screen-test", "name": "Complete Screen Test", "title": "Unified All-in-One Monitor & Screen Diagnostic Suite", "url": "https://fpsrate.com/complete-screen-test/", "category": "display-screen", "unit": "Tests", "defaultMetricLabel": "Completed Stages", "shortDescription": "Automated step-by-step diagnostic workflow running dead pixel, uniformity, color, contrast, and motion tests in sequence.", "description": "An all-in-one guided diagnostic protocol that walks you through every essential monitor evaluation step with a unified summary report.", "methodology": "Sequential orchestration of all core visual and motion diagnostics into an interactive guided session with final summary evaluation.", "limitations": [ "Takes approximately 2-3 minutes to complete the full guided diagnostic cycle." ], "troubleshootingTips": [ "Follow the on-screen prompts or use Arrow keys to advance through test stages." ], "searchPrompts": [], "faqs": [ { "question": "What tests are included in the complete all-in-one monitor diagnostic suite?", "answer": "The Complete Screen Test walks you through 6 comprehensive stages in one continuous workflow: (1) Dead Pixel RGB check, (2) Backlight Bleed and black level inspection, (3) Color Gamut and gradient banding, (4) 256-level Contrast separation, (5) Gamma 2.2 calibration, and (6) Motion clarity ghosting evaluation." }, { "question": "How long does the complete screen test take and what preparation is recommended?", "answer": "The full diagnostic takes approximately 2 to 3 minutes to complete. For best accuracy: clean your screen with a microfiber cloth, dim room lighting for the black level stage, set your browser to fullscreen (F11), and verify browser zoom is at 100%." }, { "question": "How do I inspect a brand new or used monitor before the warranty return window expires?", "answer": "Run this Complete Screen Test immediately upon unboxing your display. It thoroughly tests every subpixel, edge backlight seal, contrast curve, and motion controller, generating an evaluation summary so you can decide if the panel meets quality standards or requires RMA return." }, { "question": "Can this diagnostic suite test multiple monitors, laptop screens, and TV displays?", "answer": "Yes. The suite is 100% web-based and runs in any modern browser across Windows, macOS, Linux, ChromeOS, and mobile devices. To test multi-monitor setups, drag your browser window to each respective display and run the test in fullscreen." } ] } ], "guides": [ { "id": "fps-vs-refresh-rate", "title": "FPS vs Refresh Rate: Understanding the Difference Between Rendering and Presentation", "url": "https://fpsrate.com/guides/fps-vs-refresh-rate/", "category": "Performance", "readTime": "6 min read", "summary": "Frames Per Second (FPS) measures how fast your GPU produces frames, while Refresh Rate (Hz) measures how often your monitor updates its screen.", "primaryQuery": "fps vs refresh rate", "secondaryQueries": [ "difference between hz and fps", "does high fps matter on 60hz monitor", "fps vs hz explained" ], "problemSolved": "I want to know if getting 200 FPS helps if my monitor is only 60Hz or 144Hz." }, { "id": "what-is-frame-time", "title": "What Is Frame Time? Why Milliseconds Matter More Than Average FPS", "url": "https://fpsrate.com/guides/what-is-frame-time/", "category": "Performance", "readTime": "6 min read", "summary": "Why average FPS masks jarring micro-stutters, how millisecond frame time reveals true smoothness, and how to interpret 1% lows.", "primaryQuery": "what is frame time", "secondaryQueries": [ "fps vs frame time", "why fps stutters", "frame time ms to fps", "frame pacing vs fps" ], "problemSolved": "My game or browser shows 144 FPS but still feels jittery and stuttery." }, { "id": "what-is-frame-pacing", "title": "What Is Frame Pacing? The Physics of Smooth Motion Delivery", "url": "https://fpsrate.com/guides/what-is-frame-pacing/", "category": "Performance", "readTime": "5 min read", "summary": "Frame pacing describes the temporal regularity with which consecutive frames are presented to the screen. Even at high FPS, erratic intervals cause stutter.", "primaryQuery": "what is frame pacing", "secondaryQueries": [ "frame pacing issues", "why does high fps feel stuttery", "frame time pacing consistency" ], "problemSolved": "My framerate counter says 60 FPS, but panning the camera feels uneven and choppy." }, { "id": "what-is-1-percent-low-fps", "title": "What Is 1% Low FPS? How to Measure Gaming and Browser Stutter", "url": "https://fpsrate.com/guides/what-is-1-percent-low-fps/", "category": "Performance", "readTime": "5 min read", "summary": "1% low FPS calculates the average framerate of the slowest 1% of frames, pinpointing dips and hitches that average framerates hide.", "primaryQuery": "what is 1 low fps", "secondaryQueries": [ "1 percent low fps explained", "what is 0.1 low fps", "how to measure 1 low fps" ], "problemSolved": "I see 1% low FPS numbers in benchmark reviews and want to know what they mean." }, { "id": "why-does-fps-stutter", "title": "Why Does FPS Stutter? Common Causes of PC and Browser Micro-Stutter", "url": "https://fpsrate.com/guides/why-does-fps-stutter/", "category": "Troubleshooting", "readTime": "7 min read", "summary": "Identify the hardware, driver, shader compilation, and browser compositor causes behind sudden frame rate hitches.", "primaryQuery": "why does my fps stutter", "secondaryQueries": [ "micro stutter with high fps", "how to fix fps drops", "browser video stutter" ], "problemSolved": "My PC has high specs but games and browser animations keep hitching and dropping frames." }, { "id": "why-is-my-144hz-monitor-showing-60hz", "title": "Why Is My 144Hz Monitor Only Showing 60Hz? Troubleshooting Guide", "url": "https://fpsrate.com/guides/why-is-my-144hz-monitor-showing-60hz/", "category": "Troubleshooting", "readTime": "6 min read", "summary": "A complete checklist to unlock 120Hz, 144Hz, 165Hz, or 240Hz on your gaming monitor across Windows, macOS, DisplayPort, and HDMI.", "primaryQuery": "why is my 144hz monitor only showing 60hz", "secondaryQueries": [ "monitor stuck at 60hz", "how to enable 144hz windows 11", "hdmi 144hz not working" ], "problemSolved": "I bought a 144Hz monitor, but Windows or my browser says it is running at 60Hz." }, { "id": "how-to-test-monitor-ghosting", "title": "How to Test Monitor Ghosting: Understanding Response Times and Overshoot", "url": "https://fpsrate.com/guides/how-to-test-monitor-ghosting/", "category": "Display Tech", "readTime": "6 min read", "summary": "Learn how to detect trailing trails, dark smearing on VA panels, and inverse ghosting from aggressive overdrive settings.", "primaryQuery": "how to test monitor ghosting", "secondaryQueries": [ "monitor ghosting test online", "what is monitor ghosting", "how to fix ghosting on monitor", "overdrive overshoot ghosting" ], "problemSolved": "Moving objects on my screen leave dark blurry trails or glowing halos behind them." }, { "id": "how-to-check-for-dead-pixels", "title": "How to Check for Dead and Stuck Pixels on Your Monitor or Screen", "url": "https://fpsrate.com/guides/how-to-check-for-dead-pixels/", "category": "Display Tech", "readTime": "5 min read", "summary": "How to clean your panel, cycle full-screen primary colors, distinguish dead from stuck pixels, and understand manufacturer ISO defect policies.", "primaryQuery": "how to check for dead pixels", "secondaryQueries": [ "dead pixel test online", "stuck pixel vs dead pixel", "can you fix a dead pixel" ], "problemSolved": "I see a tiny black dot or glowing red dot stuck on my new monitor." }, { "id": "what-is-backlight-bleed", "title": "What Is Backlight Bleed? IPS Glow vs Edge Bleed vs Direct Uniformity", "url": "https://fpsrate.com/guides/what-is-backlight-bleed/", "category": "Display Tech", "readTime": "6 min read", "summary": "Distinguish mechanical frame bezel pressure backlight bleed from natural optical IPS glow, and learn how to evaluate dark-field uniformity.", "primaryQuery": "what is backlight bleed", "secondaryQueries": [ "ips glow vs backlight bleed", "how to fix backlight bleed", "backlight bleed test online" ], "problemSolved": "The corners and edges of my screen look glowing and washed out in dark scenes." }, { "id": "what-is-monitor-gamma", "title": "What Is Monitor Gamma? Why Gamma 2.2 Is the Global Standard", "url": "https://fpsrate.com/guides/what-is-monitor-gamma/", "category": "Display Tech", "readTime": "5 min read", "summary": "How gamma curves compensate for human logarithmic brightness sensitivity, preserving shadow detail and midtone contrast.", "primaryQuery": "what is monitor gamma", "secondaryQueries": [ "gamma 2.2 vs 2.4", "how to calibrate monitor gamma", "why gamma matters monitor" ], "problemSolved": "My display looks washed out or shadows are completely crushed into black." }, { "id": "what-is-hdr", "title": "What Is HDR on Monitors? Peak Brightness, Color Gamuts, and Bit Depth", "url": "https://fpsrate.com/guides/what-is-hdr/", "category": "Display Tech", "readTime": "7 min read", "summary": "What distinguishes real HDR (Mini-LED, OLED, 1000 nits) from fake entry-level HDR400 on standard edge-lit SDR monitors.", "primaryQuery": "what is hdr monitor", "secondaryQueries": [ "is hdr worth it on pc", "hdr400 vs hdr1000", "why hdr looks washed out windows" ], "problemSolved": "Enabling HDR in Windows makes my monitor look washed out, gray, and dim." }, { "id": "what-is-ppi", "title": "What Is PPI? Pixels Per Inch, Dot Pitch, and Display Sharpness Explained", "url": "https://fpsrate.com/guides/what-is-ppi/", "category": "Hardware", "readTime": "5 min read", "summary": "Calculate exact screen pixel density, understand why a 27\" 1440p monitor is sharper than a 24\" 1080p screen, and find your optimal viewing distance.", "primaryQuery": "what is ppi", "secondaryQueries": [ "ppi calculator monitor", "pixels per inch explained", "is 108 ppi good for gaming" ], "problemSolved": "I want to know if a 27\" 1440p monitor will look sharper than my current 24\" 1080p screen." } ] }